英国巴斯大学卫生学系的AaronHengist、Robert M. Edinburgh和JavierT. Gonzalez *等人调查了14 位男性(均值:年龄28(sd 5)岁,体重77.2(sd 6.6)kg和BMI 24.2(sd 2.2)kg/m2)在最大进食量下的代谢、内分泌、食欲和情绪反应。他们在随机交叉设计中完成了两项试验。
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每个测试中,参与者都吃同质混合常量营养素的饮食(披萨)。其中一种情况,他们吃到“心满意足”(随意量)为止,而另一情况,则一直吃到“一口都吃不下”(最大量)为止。与随意量试验(6627(95%置信区间(confidenceinterval,CI) 5708, 7547)kJ;1584(95% CI 1364, 1804) kcal)相比,最大量试验(13 024 (95% CI 10 964,15 084)kJ;3113(95% CI 2620, 3605) kcal)平均能量摄入量增加了一倍。与随意量试验相比,血清胰岛素增量曲线下面积(iAUC)最大增加了约1.5倍(均值: 随意量试验:43.8(95% CI 28.3,59.3) nmol/l × 240 min 和最大量试验:67.7(95% CI 47.0,88.5)nmol/l × 240 min, P < 0.01),但是葡萄糖iAUC在两次试验之间并无差异(随意量试验:94.3(95% CI 30.3,158.2)mmol/l × 240 min,最大量试验:126.5 (95% CI 76.9,176.0) mmol/l × 240 min, P= 0.19)。与随意量试验相比,最大量试验中TAG iAUC高出将近1.5倍(随意量试验:98.6(95% CI 69.9,127.2)mmol/l × 240 min,最大量试验:146.4(95% CI 88.6,204.1)mmol/l × 240 min, P< 0.01)。在最大量试验中,总胰高血糖素样肽1、葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素释放肽和酪酪肽iAUC大于随意量试验(P<0.05)。总胃饥饿素(total ghrelin)的浓度有相似程度的下降,但是最大量试验中的AUC略低于随意量试验(P = 0.02)。不同试验之间的食欲和情绪有明显差异,最显著的是进食过多会导致嗜睡时间延长。健康的男性能够在一顿饭中摄入两倍于舒适饱腹所需的能量。最初的暴饮暴食后,餐后血糖得到很好的调节,餐后胰岛素血症升高可能是原因。
Abstract
Physiological responses to maximal eating in men
Aaron Hengist, Robert M. Edinburgh, Russell G. Davies, Jean-Philippe Walhin, Jariya Buniam, Lewis J. James, Peter J. Rogers, Javier T. Gonzalez, James A. Betts
This study investigated metabolic, endocrine, appetite and mood responses to a maximal eating occasion in fourteen men (mean: age 28 (sd 5) years, body mass 77·2 (sd 6·6) kg and BMI 24·2 (sd 2·2) kg/m2) who completed two trials in a randomised crossover design. On each occasion, participants ate a homogenous mixed-macronutrient meal (pizza). On one occasion, they ate until ‘comfortably full’ (ad libitum) and on the other, until they ‘could not eat another bite’ (maximal). Mean energy intake was double in the maximal (13 024 (95 % CI 10 964, 15 084) kJ; 3113 (95 % CI 2620, 3605) kcal) compared with the ad libitum trial (6627 (95 % CI 5708, 7547) kJ; 1584 (95 % CI 1364, 1804) kcal). Serum insulin incremental AUC (iAUC) increased approximately 1·5-fold in the maximal compared with ad libitum trial (mean: ad libitum 43·8 (95 % CI 28·3, 59·3) nmol/l × 240 min and maximal 67·7 (95 % CI 47·0, 88·5) nmol/l × 240 min, P < 0·01), but glucose iAUC did not differ between trials (ad libitum 94·3 (95 % CI 30·3, 158·2) mmol/l × 240 min and maximal 126·5 (95 % CI 76·9, 176·0) mmol/l × 240 min, P = 0·19). TAG iAUC was approximately 1·5-fold greater in the maximal v. ad libitum trial (ad libitum 98·6 (95 % CI 69·9, 127·2) mmol/l × 240 min and maximal 146·4 (95 % CI 88·6, 204·1) mmol/l × 240 min, P < 0·01). Total glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and peptide tyrosine–tyrosine iAUC were greater in the maximal compared with ad libitum trial (P < 0·05). Total ghrelin concentrations decreased to a similar extent, but AUC was slightly lower in the maximal v. ad libitum trial (P = 0·02). There were marked differences on appetite and mood between trials, most notably maximal eating caused a prolonged increase in lethargy. Healthy men have the capacity to eat twice the energy content required to achieve comfortable fullness at a single meal. Postprandial glycaemia is well regulated following initial overeating, with elevated postprandial insulinaemia probably contributing.
该文章《Physiological responses to maximal eating in men》于《Cambridge University Press》2020年4月出版。
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